Ona Kukanganisa Kwemukati muCastings neUltrasonic

Ultrasonic yekuongorora inogona kuwana hurema hwakadai se shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, porosity, inclusions, uye kuputika mumakanda ane maumbirwo akareruka uye nzvimbo dzakatsetseka, uye inogona kuona ukuru uye nzvimbo yekuremara.

Ultrasonic bvunzo inoreva nzira yekujoinha ultrasound (yakakwirira frequency uye pfupi wavelength) mukaticasting, uyezve kuona hurema hwemukati hwekukanda zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekudzokororwa kwayo uye waveform shanduko painterface. Ultrasound ine hunhu hwedanda directivity uye kuparadzira reflectivity.

Kune marudzi matatu ekuyedzwa kweultrasonic: pulse reflection nzira, nzira yekupinda uye resonance nzira. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa ultrasonic yekuongorora nzira ndiyo pulse reflection nzira. Inoreva nzira yekutonga ukuru uye nzvimbo yechikanganiso maererano nemaungira echikanganiso uye maungira epasi pasi.

Nheyo yekutanga yeiyo pulse reflection nzira ndeyokuti piezoelectric element iri muprobe inofara nepamusoro-frequency pulses kugadzira ultrasonic pulses. Kana ruzha runopararira mukukandira uye rukasangana nekukanganisa, chikamu chayo chinoratidzwa kumashure. Saizi yeinoratidzwa wave inogona kuratidza saizi, nzvimbo uye kudzika kwehurema hwemukati hwekukanda. Ultrasonic masaisai asina kuratidzwa anoramba achipararira mberi kusvikira aratidzwa achidzokera kuzasi kwekukanda. Iyo inonzwika simba inoratidzwa kubva pakuremara uye pasi pekukanda inogamuchirwa zvakatevedzana nepiezoelectric transducer, uye yozoratidzwa pachiratidziro che ultrasonic flaw detector muchimiro cheamplitude.

Kunzwa kweiyo ultrasonic flaw detector inoreva kugona kwayo kuwana hurema hudiki. Kunzwa kwekuyedzwa kwe ultrasonic kune hukama nezvinhu zvakaita sekuwanda kweiyo ultrasonic wave, kukwidziridzwa kwechikanganiso che detector, simba rekutapurirana, kuita kweprobe, uye kugadzikana kwemagetsi. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekufambiswa kwakanaka kwemafungu e ultrasonic mu acoustic medium, nzira yakakodzera yekubatanidza inofanirwa kutorwa. Izvi zvinoda kuti hutsinye hwepamusoro hwekukanda hunofanira kuva Ra≤12.5 μm. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuitira kupfumisa mhepo mugomba, mvura yekubatanidza (mvura, mafuta ekuzora, mafuta ekushandura, girazi remvura, nezvimwewo) inofanira kushandiswa pakati pekuferefeta uye nzvimbo yekuona kukanganisa kwekukanda.

 

Zvimiro zvekuonekwa kwe ultrasonic kukanganisa:

1. Kunzwa kwakanyanya kwekuziva. Ultrasonic kuona kukanganisa kunogona kuona zviratidzo zvehurema ne pulse reflection wave sound pressure ye 0.1% chete yechiitiko chekudzvinyirirwa kwenzwi.

2. High defect nzvimbo yakarurama uye yakakwirira kugadzirisa

3. Kushanda kwakasimba uye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana. Ultrasonic chikanganiso chekuona chinogona kuona marudzi ese ekukandwa kunze kweaustenitic simbi yekukanda.

4. Mutengo wakaderera, kukurumidza kukurumidza uye yakakura yekuona ukobvu.

 

Iyo pulse maitiro uye tsananguro yechimiro cheakasiyana emukati akakanganisika ekukanda pane yekuratidzira skrini:

1. Mutswe

Casting crack imhando yekutsemuka kwesimbi, ine gasi, ine kwainoenda, uye inogovaniswa zvakatevedzana. Kana kukanganisa uku kunowanikwa ne ultrasonic inspection, kana iri perpendicular kune danda rekurira, mapurusi anoratidzwa ari pachena, anopinza uye akasimba. Asi kana kuparadzirwa kwayo kuchienderana nedanda renzwi, hazvisi nyore kuwanikwa. Naizvozvo, kana uchiyedzwa, inofanirwa kuverengerwa kubva kune dzakawanda nzira, kuitira kuti zvikanganiso zvive perpendicular kune ruzha danda kusvika pamwero mukuru, uye zvinokwanisika kuwana makatsemuka akagoverwa kumativi ese.

2. Mubhobho

Kufanana nekutsemuka, mabhomba ekukanda ane gasi. Iyo yekuratidzira interface yegomba remhepo ndeyenguva dzose uye yakatsetseka, saka kana danda rekurira rakanyatsoenderana neratidziro yayo yekuratidzira, hunhu uye chimiro cheinoratidzwa pulse yakafanana nekutsemuka, uye zvakare iri pachena, inopinza uye yakasimba. Nekudaro, nekuti mazhinji emabhomba ari denderedzwa kana elliptical, kana probe ikafamba zvishoma, pulse inonyangarika pakarepo. Kana iyo probe ikaona kubva kumativi ese, maburi ekuridza anogona kuwanikwa, uye hunhu hweinotaridza pulse zvakare idiki. Izvi hazvisizvo nepakatsemuka. Nemhaka yokuti kuputika kwakagoverwa nenzira yakarongeka nehutungamiri hwakasimba, mapurusi avo anoratidzwa haaperi pakarepo panguva yekufamba kweprobe, uye panguva imwe chete, havasi vose vanogona kuwanikwa kana vakaongororwa kubva kumativi ose. Zvichienderana neaya maficha, tinogona kusiyanisa pakati pepores uye makatsemuka.

3. Kuderera

Iyo shrinkage cavity ine gasi, uye kana iyo inoshanda yekuratidzira nzvimbo yakakura pane inonzwika danda rekupararira kwepamusoro, nzira yekurira inoratidzwa zvachose, uye yepasi pepamusoro pulse kuratidza inobviswa. Hunhu hweiyo inotaridza pulse ye shrinkage cavity zvakare iri pachena, inopinza uye yakasimba. Nekudaro, mukuwedzera kune iri pamusoro nzira yekutonga, mutongo we shrinkage cavity defects inofanirawo kushandisa iyo yakawanda-ndege yekufungidzira nzira.

4. Kubatanidzwa kwejecha uye Slag Inclusion

Kuiswa kwejecha uye kuiswa kwe slag kunoreva kukanda kwesimbi ine zvishoma zvegasi uye kwete-metallic inclusions. Izvi zvinosvibisa zvine mhedzisiro yekutora simba rezwi, uye nekuti iyo inotaridzika pamusoro iri imwe chete uye yakatsetseka, hunhu hwekupopudza kwayo kuratidzwa kuri pakati pezviri pachena, zvakapinza, zvakasimba uye zvakagomara, zvishoma nezvishoma uye pfupi. Mamiriro ekupedzisira anoitika kana iyo interface pakati pe inclusions uye simbi isina kurongeka uye yakanyatso kuomerera kune simbi.

5. Shrinkage Porotity

Iyo pulse reflection character ye shrinkage porosity ndeyokuti hapana pazasi pepamusoro pekutarisa pulse kana defect re reflection pulse, asi chiitiko chinokambaira pamutsetse wekutsvaira wechiratidziro.