Tsanangudzo
Thekupisa kurapwaprocess of simbi inoreva kudziya chaiko, kusungirira uye kutonhora maitiro maparamendi esimbi panguva yekupisa kupisa, iyo inogadzirwa zvinoenderana neyakagadzika shanduko mutemo wesimbi panguva yekudziya uye kutonhora.
Classification
Zvinoenderana nekudziya uye kutonhora nzira uye akasiyana zvimiro uye zvivakwa zvakawanikwa, kupisa kwekupisa kwesimbi kunogona kukamurwa kuita:
(1) Yakajairika kupisa kurapwa (annealing, normalizing, quenching uye tempering)
(2) Kupisa kwepamusoro kurapwa (kudzima kwepamusoro uye makemikari kupisa kurapwa, nezvimwewo)
(3) Special heat treatment (deformation heat treatment, magnetic field heat treatment, etc.).
Zvinoenderana nechinzvimbo uye basa rekurapa kwekupisa mukuyerera kwezvikamu zvekugadzira, kurapwa kwekupisa kunogona kukamurwa kuita:
(1) Yekutanga kupisa kurapwa, kunyanya annealing, normalizing, nezvimwe.
(2) Yekupedzisira kupisa kurapwa, kunyanya kudzima, kupisa, nezvimwe.
Annealing uye normalizing yesimbi
Annealing
Iyo yekupisa yekurapa maitiro ekudziya simbi ine chimiro chinotsauka kubva kune yakaenzana mamiriro kuenda kune yakakodzera tembiricha,
kuivharira kweimwe nguva yenguva, uye wozoitonhodza zvishoma nezvishoma kuti uwane chimiro padyo nemamiriro ekuenzanisa kunonzi annealing.
Chinangwa
Bvisa coarse columnar crystals uye equiaxed crystals, kunatsa zviyo, kuderedza kuoma, kunatsiridza kucheka mashandiro, uye kugadzira chimiro chakafanana.
Classification
Kune akawanda marudzi esimbi annealing maitiro, ayo anogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvinoenderana nekupisa kwekupisa:
1. Phase shanduko recrystallization annealing, kusanganisira annealing yakakwana, isina kukwana annealing,
spheroidizing annealing uye diffusion annealing.
2. Annealing pazasi kunetsa tembiricha, kusanganisira recrystallization annealing uye kushushikana kunyaradza annealing.
Normalizing inogona kutariswa seyakakosha fomu yeannealing, uye nzira yekutonhora ndeyekutonhodza mhepo.
1 Full annealing
Yakazara annealing inzira yekupisa kupisa iyo inopisa simbi kusvika 30-50 ℃ pamusoro peAc3 tembiricha, inochengeta tembiricha kwenguva yakakwana, inoita kuti chimiro chive chakasimba, uyezve zvishoma nezvishoma kuchitonhora nechoto kuwana nzira yekurapa kupisa padyo ne equilibrium structure.
Chinangwa ndechekunatsa zviyo, kuita chimiro chakafanana, kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati uye kupisa kunopisa kuremara, kuderedza kuoma, uye kunatsiridza kucheka mashandiro uye inotonhora yepurasitiki deformation performance.
Iyo dhizaini inopinda recrystallization, ichiita kuti zviyo zvicheneswe, iyo yunifomu yechimiro, uye iyo Widmanstätten dhizaini uye bhandi chimiro kubviswa. Kune forging uye zvidimbu zvinotenderedza, annealing yakazara inorongwa mushure mekunge workpiece ichipisa yakanyungudutswa uye inopisa yakakungurutswa, uye isati yacheka: yezvikamu zvakashongedzerwa kana castings, inowanzo rongwa mushure mekunyungudika nekudururwa (kana mushure mekushambadzira annealing).
Kupisa tembiricha uye nguva Tembiricha inowanzoitika 20-30 ℃ pamusoro peAc3. Iyo annealing inobata nguva inotsamira kwete chete panguva inodiwa kuti workpiece inopisa kuburikidza (ndiko kuti, musimboti weiyo workpiece inosvika kune inodiwa tembiricha), asiwo panguva inodiwa kuti chimiro shanduko. Iyo yakazara annealing inobata nguva inoenderana nekemikari yesimbi, chimiro uye saizi yebasa rekushanda, rudzi rwemidziyo yekudziya, kuwanda kwechoto kurodha uye nzira yekuisa. Kazhinji nguva yekupisa inoverengwa zvichienderana nehupamhi hunobudirira hwe workpiece.
Kutonhodza nzira Kutonhora kwevira,carbon steel castings<200 ℃/h, yakadereraalloy simbi castings<100 ℃/h, yakakwirira alloy simbi <50 ℃/h. Tembiricha yevira <600 ℃.
Sangano:Lamellar pearlite
Anealing process yekabhoni simbi castings uye kuoma mushure mekuvhara
| Carbon Content (%) | Annealing Temperature | kuchengetedza kupisa | Kutonhodza Nzira | Kuoma (HB) | |
| Wall ukobvu hwekukanda / mm | nguva / awa (s) | ||||
| 0.10-0.20 | 910-880 | ＜30 | 1 | choto chacho chinotonhora kusvika pa620 ℃——yakatonhodzwa nemhepo | 115-143 |
| 0.20-0.30 | 880-850 | ＜30 | 1 | choto chacho chinotonhora kusvika pa620 ℃——yakatonhodzwa nemhepo | 133-156 |
| 0.30-0.40 | 850-820 | ＞30 | Wose 30 mm kuwedzera, wedzera 1 awa | choto chacho chinotonhora kusvika pa620 ℃——yakatonhodzwa nemhepo | 143-178 |
| 0.40-0.50 | 820-800 | ＞30 | Wose 30 mm kuwedzera, wedzera 1 awa | choto chacho chinotonhora kusvika pa620 ℃——yakatonhodzwa nemhepo | 156-217 |
| 0.50-0.60 | 800-780 | ＞30 | Wose 30 mm kuwedzera, wedzera 1 awa | choto chacho chinotonhora kusvika pa620 ℃——yakatonhodzwa nemhepo | 187-230 |
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-13-2024