Non-ferrous Metals Casting

Ferrous simbi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yeinjiniya nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo, huwandu hwemakina zvivakwa uye mutengo wakaderera. Zvakadaro, simbi dzisina-ferrous dzinoshandiswawo mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa kune yavo chaiyo zvivakwa zvichienzaniswa neferrous alloys kunyangwe iwo anowanzo kudhura. Inodiwa michina zvivakwa zvinogona kuwanikwa mune aya alloys nekuomesa basa, kuomesa zera, nezvimwe, asi kwete kuburikidza neyakajairwa kupisa kupisa maitiro anoshandiswa kune ferrous alloys. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvisiri zveferrous zvekufarira ialuminium, mhangura, zinc, uye magnesium

1. Aluminium

Pakati pezvese zvisiri zveferrous alloys, aruminiyamu uye alloys ayo anonyanya kukosha nekuda kwehunhu hwawo hwakanaka. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvealuminiyamu yakachena iyo inoshandiswa muindasitiri yeinjiniya ndeiyi:

• 1) Yakanakisa yekupisa conductivity (0.53 cal/cm/C)
• 2) Yakanakisa magetsi conductivity (376 600/ohm/cm)
• 3) Low mass density (2.7 g/cm)
• 4) Kunyungudika kwakaderera (658C)
• 5) Yakanakisa corrosion resistance
• 6) Haina chepfu.
• 7) Iine imwe yepamusoro-soro inoratidza (85 kusvika 95%) uye yakaderera emissivity (4 kusvika 5%).
• 8) Iyo yakanyanya kupfava uye ductile semhedzisiro ine yakanaka kwazvo yekugadzira zvinhu.

Zvimwe zvekushandisa uko aruminiyamu yakachena inowanzo shandiswa mune zvemagetsi conductor, radiators fin materials, air conditioning units, optical and light reflectors, uye foil uye zvekurongedza zvinhu.

Pasinei nezvishandiso zviri pamusoro apa, aruminiyamu yakachena haishandiswe zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvinetso zvinotevera:

• 1) Iyo ine yakaderera tensile simba (65 MPa) uye kuoma (20 BHN)
• 2. Zvakanyanya kuoma kuti weld kana solder.

Iyo mechanic properties yealuminium inogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya nealloying. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvealloying zvinoshandiswa imhangura, manganese, silicon, nickel uye zinc.

Aluminium nemhangura zvinoumba kemikari inosanganiswa CuAl2. Pamusoro petembiricha ye548 C inonyungudika zvachose mualuminium liquid. Kana izvi zvadzimwa uye zvakakura zvekugadzira (nguva refu yakabata pa100 - 150C), yakaomeswa alloy inowanikwa. Iyo CuAl2, iyo isina kuchembera haina nguva yekunaya kubva kune yakasimba mhinduro yealuminium nemhangura uye nekudaro iri munzvimbo isina kugadzikana (yakanyanya-yakazara pakamuri tempera ture). Iyo yekuchembera inokonzeresa yakanakisa zvimedu zveCuAl2, izvo zvinokonzeresa kusimbiswa kweiyo alloy. Iyi nzira inodaidzwa kuti mhinduro yakaoma.

Zvimwe zvinosanganiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinosvika 7% magnesium, kusvika 1. 5% manganese, kusvika 13% silicon, kusvika 2% nickel, kusvika 5% zinc uye kusvika 1.5% iron. Kunze kweizvi, titanium, chromium uye columbium zvinogonawo kuwedzerwa muzvikamu zviduku. Kuumbwa kwemamwe akajairika aruminiyamu alloys anoshandiswa mukuumba zvachose uye kufa casting anopiwa muTafura 2. 10 nemashandisirwo awo. Iyo mechaniki zvivakwa zvinotarisirwa zvezvinhu izvi mushure meizvi zvakakandwa uchishandisa zvisingaperi mold kana kumanikidza kufa kukanda kunoratidzwa muTafura 2.1

2. Mhangura

Zvakafanana nealuminium, mhangura yakachena inowanawo kushandiswa kwakakura nekuda kwezvivakwa zvayo zvinotevera

• 1) Mhedzisiro yemagetsi yemhangura yakachena yakakwirira (5.8 x 105 / ohm / cm) mune yayo yakachena. Chero kusachena kudiki kunounza pasi conductivity zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, 0. 1% phosphorous inoderedza conductivity ne 40%.
• 2) Iine yakanyanya kupisa conductivity (0. 92 cal/cm/C)
• 3) Isimbi inorema (chaiyo giravhiti 8.93)
• 4) Inogona kubatanidzwa nyore nyore pamwe chete nekuputika
• 5) Inopikisa corrosion,
• 6) Iine ruvara runofadza.

Mhangura yakachena inoshandiswa mukugadzira waya yemagetsi, mabara emabhazi, tambo dzekutumira, tubing refiriji uye pombi.

Iyo mechanical properties yemhangura mumamiriro ayo akachena haisi yakanaka kwazvo. Yakapfava uye haina kusimba. Inogona kuve yakasanganiswa zvine pundutso kuvandudza ma mechanical properties. Iyo huru alloying zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zinc, tini, lead uye phosphorous.

Iyo alloys yemhangura uye zinc inonzi brasses. Nezinc inokwana kusvika 39%, mhangura inoumba chikamu chimwe chete (α-phase) chimiro. Alloys akadaro ane high ductility. Rudzi rwe alloy rinoramba rakatsvuka kusvika kune zinc ye20%, asi kupfuura iyo inova yero. Chikamu chechipiri chechimiro chinonzi β-phase chinoonekwa pakati pe39 kusvika 46% ye zinc. Iyo ndiyo chaiyo ye-inter-metallic compound CuZn iyo inokonzera kuwedzera kuoma. Simba rendarira rinowedzera kuwedzera kana zvidiki zvemanganese uye nickel zvinowedzerwa.

Masanganiswa emhangura ane tin anonzi mabronze. Kuoma uye kusimba kwebhuronzi kunowedzera ne crease mutin content. Iyo ductility inoderedzwawo nekuwedzera kwetin percentage pamusoro pe5. Kana aruminiyamu yawedzerwawo (4 kusvika 11%), iyo inoguma inonzi alloy aluminium bronze, iyo ine yakanyanya kusimba kusagadzikana. Mabhuronzi anodhura zvichienzaniswa nebhurasi nekuda kwekuvapo kwerata inova simbi inodhura.

3. Mamwe Masimbi Asina Ferrous

Zinc

Zinc inonyanya kushandiswa muinjiniya nekuda kwekudzika kwayo kunyungudika tembiricha (419.4 C) uye yakakwira corrosion resistance, iyo inowedzera nekuchena kwezingi. Kudzivirirwa kwekuora kunokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwekudzivirira oxide coating pamusoro. Kushandiswa kukuru kwezinc kuri mukuita galvanizing kuchengetedza simbi kubva mukuora, muindasitiri yekudhinda uye yekukanda kufa.

Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvezingi ndeye anisotropy yakasimba inoratidzwa pasi pemamiriro akaremara, kushaikwa kwedimensional kugadzikana pasi pemamiriro ekuchembera, kuderedzwa kwesimba rekukanganisa pakudzikira kwakadzika uye kukanganisa kune inter-granular corrosion. Haikwanise kushandiswa sevhisi pamusoro petembiricha ye95.C nekuti inokonzeresa kuderera kukuru kwekusimba kwekusimba uye kuoma.

Kushandiswa kwayo kwakapararira mukufa castings imhaka yekuti inoda kuderera kwakadzika, izvo zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwepamusoro hwekufa zvichienzaniswa nemamwe madhiri ekukanda alloys. Uyezve, ine yakanaka kwazvo machinability. Kupedzisa kunowanikwa ne zinc diecasting kazhinji kunokwana kubvumidza chero kugadziridzwa, kunze kwekubviswa kwemwenje uripo mundege yekuparadzana.

Magnesium

Nekuda kwehuremu hwadzo uye simba rakanaka remagetsi, magnesium alloys inoshandiswa mukumhanya kwakanyanya. Nokuda kwekuoma kwakafanana, magnesium alloys inoda chete 37. 2% yehuremu hweC25 simbi saka kuchengetedza uremu. Iwo maviri makuru alloying zvinhu anoshandiswa aruminiyamu uye zinc. Magnesium alloys anogona kuve akakandwa jecha, anogara akaumbwa mold kana kufa kukandwa. Izvo zvimiro zvejecha-cast magnesium alloy zvikamu zvinofananidzwa neaya echigarire mold cast kana die-cast zvikamu. Iwo anofa-anokandira alloys anowanzo ally ane yakakwira mhangura yemukati kuitira kuti abvumire iwo kugadzirwa kubva kune yechipiri simbi kuderedza mutengo. Iwo anoshandiswa kugadzira mavhiri emotokari, crank kesi, etc. Iyo yakakwirira yemukati, iyo inokwirisa mechanical simba remagineziyamu-akagadzirwa alloys akadai akakungurutswa uye forged components. Magnesium alloys anogona kubikwa nyore nyore neakawanda echinyakare welding maitiro. Chinhu chinobatsira kwazvo che magnesium alloys ndiyo yakakwira machinability. Vanongoda chete 15% yesimba rekugadzira zvichienzaniswa nesimbi yakaderera kabhoni.