Monel 400 Nickel Based Alloy

Monel alloy ndeye Ni-based alloy, iyo huru kemikari inoumbwa nickel (Ni), iyo yepamusoro-soro inosvika 67%, imwe huru kemikari inoumbwa imhangura (Cu), uye inewo shoma shoma yesimbi (Fe) , manganese (Mn) uye kabhoni (C), silicon (Si) nezvimwe zvinhu.

Simba reMonel alloy rakakwirira kudarika renickel yakachena, uye rinogona kumira nekuora kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzenhau, kusanganisira mvura yegungwa inokurumidza kuyerera. Iyo nzira dzekugadzirisa dzeMonel alloy dzinosanganisira kupisa kushanda, kutonhora kushanda, machining uye welding.

Muna 1901, Robert Crooks Stanley, metallurgist paInternational Nickel Company (INCO), akagadzira Monel alloy.

Kunobva zita reMonel alloy rakavakirwa paruzivo rwekubhadhara mutero kune iye zvino sachigaro wekambani Ambrose Monell (Ambrose Monell). Gare gare, VaStanley vakazoitawo sachigaro weInternational Nickel Corporation. Monel alloy yakapiwa patent muna 1906.

Monel alloy inodhura alloy iyo mutengo wayo uri 5-10 nguva yemhangura yakachena uye nickel yakachena. Naizvozvo, inongoshandiswa mumashandisirwo ayo isingagone kutsiviwa neimwe yakachipa dzimwe nzira.

 

Chemical Compostion uye Mechanicl Zvivakwa zveMonel 400 Alloy (N0440):

 

Kemikari Kuumbwa kweMonel 400 Alloy (%)
C ≤	Si ≤	Mn ≤	P ≤	S ≤	Cr ≥	Ni ≥	Mo ≥	Cu ≤
0.3	0.5	2	-	0.024	-	63	-	28.0-34.0
Vamwe	N ≤	A l≤	Ti ≤	F e≤	Co ≤	V ≤	W ≤	Nb ≤
	-	-	-	2.5	-	-	-	-

1. Monel 400 (N04400) alloy tensile simba: σb ≥ 450 Mpa.
2. Monel 400 (N04400) alloy goho simba: σb ≥ 170 Mpa.
3. Monel 400 (N04400) alloy elongation: δ ≥ 30%.

 

Zvivakwa zveMonel Alloy

Monel alloy ndiyo yakasimba mhinduro bhinary alloy. Sezvo Ni uye Cu zvakanyungudutswa mune mumwe nemumwe, iri zvakare imwe-chikamu alloy. Kuenzaniswa nesimbi, machining eMonel alloy yakaoma, kunyanya nekuda kwekukurumidza kushanda kwayo kuomesa maitiro. Zvinoda kutendeuka nekumhanya kwakaderera uye kudya kwakaderera mitengo.

Density yeMonel alloy 400 i8.80 g/cm3, tembiricha yekunyunguduka i1300 ~ 1350 °C, conductivity inenge 34% IACS (IACS inoreva iyo International Standard Conductivity yeAnnealed Copper), uye iyo annealed kuomarara kukosha i65. HRB. Monel alloy 400 inozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuoma kwayo uye inogona kuchengetedza kuomarara uku mukupisa kwakanyanya.

Inogona kumira nekuora kweasidhi dzakasiyana-siyana uye alkali, uye mamwe maMonel alloys anogona kutsungirira kupisa kweokisijeni yakachena. Inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotyisa zvakanyanya. Monel alloy K-500 yakaumbwa mushure mekuwedzera chidimbu chealuminium (Al) uye titanium (Ti) ine kupesana kwekuora kwakafanana neMonel alloy 400 asi simba repamusoro, iro rinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuumbwa kwe γ'phase panguva yekurapa kwekukwegura. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, Monel alloy inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura simbi isina tsvina.

Monel alloy 400 inogonawo kuchengetedza yakanakisa michina zvivakwa pazasi zero. Kunyangwe kusimba uye kuoma kuchawedzera, iyo plasticity kana kuoma kunongoderera zvishoma. Kunyange kana yakanyoroveswa mumvura yehydrogen, iyo alloy haizoitike ductile-brittle shanduko. Uyu ndiwo musiyano wakanyanya kukosha pakati peMonel alloy uye ferrous simbi zvinhu (simbi nesimbi) ine yakaderera tembiricha brittleness.

Monel alloy ine yakanaka corrosion resistance munzvimbo dzakawanda, asi inongoita ngura kana yaiswa mumvura ine munyu; haigoni kumira nekuora kwe media ine nitric oxide, nitric acid, sulfur dioxide uye hypochlorite. Kushandiswa kweMonel alloy kunokonzerawo electrochemical corrosion. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana fasteners yakagadzirwa nealuminium, zinc kana iron inosangana neMonel alloy, pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu (akadai sekushandiswa mumvura yegungwa inokurumidza kuyerera), kusungirirwa kwesimbi Zvikamu zvichange zvakasvibiswa nokukurumidza.

 

Kushandiswa kweMonel alloy

Aerospace
Muma1960. Monel alloy yakakunda nhamba huru yemirairo mumunda wenzvimbo uye kuvaka ndege. Kunyanya kushandiswa kugadzira fuselage uye ganda rekuyedza jet ndege. Semuyenzaniso, iyo North America X-15 inogona kushandiswa kutsungirira huwandu hukuru hwekupisa hunogadzirwa neaerodynamic friction panguva yekubhururuka zvakanyanya. Monel alloy inogona kuramba ichichengetedza simba rayo pakupisa kwakanyanya, ichiibvumira kuchengetedza chimiro chayo kugadzikana pakumhanya kwemuchadenga. Munguva yekugadzirisa ndege, Monel alloy inoshandiswa sevhavha yekiyi munzvimbo dzekushisa kwepamusoro kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti zvisungo zvakavharwa; nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehupfumi, simbi isina tsvina yekuvhara waya inowanzoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Kuchera uye kunatsa mafuta
Monel inoshandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvinobata zvakananga concentrated hydrofluoric acid mune alkylation unit. Monel alloy inoshamisa kuramba hydrofluoric acid corrosion zvinoshamisa. Inogona kumira kwese kusungirirwa kwehydrofluoric acid, uye tembiricha inogona kusvika painofashaira yehydrofluoric acid. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri zvinhu zvine yakanakisa corrosion kuramba pakati pezvinowanzo shandiswa engineering alloy zvinhu. Monel alloy inogonawo kumira nekuora kweakasiyana sulfides uye hydrochloric acid munzvimbo inoderedza.

Marine Engineering
Kudzivirirwa kwekuora kweMonel alloy kunoita kuti ive chinhu chakanakira kushandiswa kwemugungwa, senge pombi masisitimu, pombi shafts, mavharuvhu egungwa, tambo dzekuredza, uye mafirita ebhasiketi. Mamwe maMonel alloys haana magineti zvachose, uye anoshandiswa kugadzira tambo dzeanchor dzevanotsvaira mugodhi uye dzimba dzemagineti yekuyera munda. Pama yachts, Monel alloy wire inoshandiswa kukiya anchor cable cheni. Monel alloy inoshandiswawo kugadzira matangi emvura nematangi emafuta nemimwe midziyo yepasi pemvura, yakaita semapropeller shafts nemabhaudhi keel.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nekuda kwedambudziko re electrochemical corrosion (bimetallic corrosion) mumvura yegungwa, Monel alloy inofanira kunge yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune dzimwe simbi (sesimbi) panguva yekuvaka ngarava. The New York Times yakabudiswa musi waNyamavhuvhu 25, 1915. Imwe nyaya mu ”yakataura nezvetsaona yeyacht yakareba mafiti 215: “Yacht yekutanga ine humboro hwayo hwakagadzirwa neMonel alloy yakashandurwa kuita zvidimbu mumavhiki matanhatu chete uye kumanikidzwa kurasa." Kutenda kune electrochemical corrosion, keel yesimbi yeyacht yakakurumidza kukukurwa uye kutetepa mushure mekusangana neMonel alloy, izvo zvakazoita kuti kudonha kwepasi peyacht. Nezvekutsvagisa shiri dzegungwa, kunyanya kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvemhete yekuziva tsoka yeshiri, mhete yerutsoka yeshiri yakagadzirwa neMonel alloy yakashandiswa mumhando dzakawanda dzeshiri dzegungwa, dzakadai sealbatross dzinogara munzvimbo dzinoparadza mvura yegungwa.

Musical Instrument
Monel alloy inoshandiswa kugadzira mamwe emhando yepamusoro simbi yevharuvhu pistons kana rotor, sediki, hombe uye French nyanga. RotoSound yakashandisa Monel alloy kugadzira tambo dzegitare dzemagetsi muna 1962. Iyi tambo inoshandiswa nevanyori vakawanda. Muna 2017, iyo D'Addario tambo kambani (D'Addario tambo kambani) yakaburitsa seti yezviyo zvigadzirwa zvetambo yeviolin, zvakare ari tambo dzemaronda ane Monel alloy ronda paD uye G tambo.

 

Zvimwe Zvishandiso
Identity tag yakagadzirwa neMonel alloy (Imbwa ma tag emasoja eAmerica munguva yeHondo Yenyika II)

Yakanakisa corrosion kuramba kune akasiyana acids uye okisijeni inoita kuti Monel alloy ive yemhando yepamusoro muindasitiri yemakemikari. Mamwe mamiriro ekushandisa akadai se:
1. Uranium inopfumisa, mazhinji emapaipi makuru-diameter anoshandiswa uranium hexafluoride anogadzirwa neMonel alloy;
2. Kugadzirisa vharafu yekumanikidza kwakanyanya uye yakasimba reactive bhodhoro gasi (yakadai seHCl);
3. Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, Monel alloy yaishandiswa zvakanyanya mumhepo inopisa kwazvo yemaseti ejenareta;
4. Monel alloy inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira masingi ekicheni nemapuranga emitambo;
5. Kamuri yekupisa yakashandiswa kugadzira bhailer ignition chubhu;
6. Upenyu hwekugadzira hweClock yeNguva Yakareba Ikozvino ndeye 10,000 makore. Pachifungidziro chekuti hapana simbi dzinokosha dzinoshandiswa, zvimwe zvikamu zvewachi zvinogadzirwa neMonel alloy zvinhu zvichibva pakunetsekana nezvekuramba kwecorrosion.