Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekabhoni yemukati, kabhoni simbi yecastinginowanzokamurwa kuita yakaderera kabhoni simbi, yepakati kabhoni simbi uye yakakwira kabhoni simbi. Iyo yakakandwa kabhoni simbi dzenyika dzese pasirese dzinowanzo kupatsanurwa maererano nesimba radzo, uye mamakisi anoenderana anogadzirwa.
Nezve chemikemikari yekabhoni simbi, kunze kwephosphorous nesarufa, hapana zvirambidzo kana chete miganhu yepamusoro pane mamwe makemikari zvinhu. Pasi pechinhu chiri pamusoro apa, kemikari yekabhoni yakakandwa simbi inotemwa nefoundrymaererano nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi.
Iyo nzira dzekupisa dzekupisa dzekabhoni simbi castings dzinowanzo annealing, normalizing kana normalizing + tempering. Kune mamwe akakwira kabhoni simbi castings, kudzima uye kupisa kunogona kushandiswa zvakare, ndiko kuti, kudzima + tembiricha yekupisa, kuitira kuti uvandudze hwakakwana hwemichina yekabhoni simbi castings. Diki kabhoni simbi castings inogona kudzimwa zvakananga uye kudzikamiswa kubva kune-yakakanda nyika. Kune yakakura-yakakura kana yakaoma-yakaita kabhoni simbi castings, zvakakodzera kuita quenching uye tempering kurapwa pashure normalizing kurapwa.
Mhedzisiro yekabhoni pane microstructure uye zvimiro zvekabhoni simbi
1) Kufurira kwekabhoni pane chimiro chesimbi kabhoni
Carbon ndicho chinhu chikuru chinotarisa chimiro che metallographic uye zvimiro zvesimbi. Muchikamu chesimbi ye hypoeutectoid, sezvo carbon content inowedzera, huwandu hweferrite hunoderera uye huwandu hwepearlite hunowedzera. Kana wasvika pakuumbwa kwe eutectoid, ese ari pearlite. Mune iyo hypereutectoid renji, sezvo kabhoni yemukati inowedzera, huwandu hunoenderana hweproeutectoid cementite hunowedzera uye huwandu hunoenderana hwepearlite hunoderera.
2) Mhedzisiro yekabhoni pane iyo mechaniki zvinhu zvekabhoni simbi
Carbon inokanganisa michina yekabhoni simbi nekukanganisa huwandu hwehukama uye kugovera maitiro ega ega chikamu chechimiro muiyo microstructure. Kazhinji, sezvo kabhoni yemukati inowedzera, kuoma kwekabhoni simbi kuchawedzera, asi simba rayo rekuita uye kurebesa kunoderera. Simba rekusimba uye simba regoho rinotanga rawedzera uye rozodzikira sezvo kabhoni iri mucarbon steel inowedzera.
3) Mhedzisiro yekabhoni pakucheka kuita kwekabhoni simbi castings
Yakaderera-kabhoni simbi ine yakawanda ferrite, yakaderera kuomarara, yakanaka plasticity, uye nyore kunamira, saka kucheka kwayo kuita kwakashata. Kune mamwe simenti mu high carbon steel. Kana iyo cementite ichigoverwa muflake uye network, chishandiso chiri nyore kupfeka, saka kucheka kwayo kuita kwakashata. Chiyero cheferrite uye cementite mune yepakati kabhoni simbi yakakodzera, kuoma uye mapurasitiki ane mwero zvakare, uye kucheka kuita kuri nani. Iyo yekucheka kuita ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka kana kuoma kwemhando yesimbi castings iri 180-230 HBW.
4) Kupesvedzera kwekabhoni pakukanda kuita kwekabhoni simbi
Panguva imwecheteyo tembiricha, kuyerera kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa ine akasiyana kabhoni zvirimo kwakasiyana. Nekuti masimbi ane akasiyana kabhoni emukati ane madhigirii akasiyana ebudiriro mumadendrites. Iyo yakakura kupindirana kwekushisa kweiyo crystallization zone (musiyano wetembiricha pakati peiyo liquidus mutsara uye solidus mutsara), iyo inowedzera kugadzirwa dendritic makristasi ecarbon simbi, ndiko kuti, kunowedzera kuyerera kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa, izvo zvinokonzeresa kugona kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa kuzadza mold.
