Machining inzira iyo chinhu (kazhinji simbi) chinochekwa kuita chimiro chinodiwa chekupedzisira uye saizi nenzira inodzorwa yekubvisa zvinhu. Maitiro ane iyi dingindira rakajairika, inodzorwa kubviswa kwezvinhu, nhasi zvave kuzivikanwa pamwe chete se subtractive kugadzira, mumutsauko kubva kune inodzorwa yekuwedzera zvinhu, inozivikanwa seyekuwedzera kugadzira. Chaizvoizvo izvo zvinorehwa nechikamu chetsanangudzo "zvinodzorwa" zvinogona kusiyana, asi zvinogara zvichireva kushandiswa kwematurusi emuchina (kuwedzera kune maturusi emagetsi nematurusi emaoko).
Machining chikamu chekugadzirwa kwevakawandazvigadzirwa zvesimbi, asi inogona zvakare kushandiswa pazvinhu zvakaita sehuni, mapurasitiki, ceramic, uye macomposites. Munhu ane hunyanzvi hwekugadzira michina anonzi machinist. Kamuri, chivako, kana kambani inoitwa machining inonzi chitoro chemuchina. Yakawanda yemazuva ano machining inoitwa nekombuta nhamba yekudzora (CNC), umo makomputa anoshandiswa kudzora kufamba uye kushanda kwezvigayo, lathes, nemimwe michina yekucheka. Izvi zvinowedzera kushanda zvakanaka, sezvo muchina weCNC uchimhanya usina munhu saka uchidzikisa mutengo wevashandi vezvitoro zvemichina.
| CNC Precision Machining Magonero paRMC Foundry | |||
| Facilities | Quantity | Saizi yemhando (mm) | Annual Capacity |
| Vertical Machining Center (VMC) | 48 seti | 1,500 × 1,000 × 800 | 6,000 ton kana 300,000 zvidimbu |
| Horizontal Machining Center (VMC) | 12 seti | 1,200 × 800 × 600 | 2,000 matani kana 100,000 zvidimbu |
| CNC Machine | 60 seti | Max kutendeuka φ600 | 5,000 matani kana 600,000 zvidimbu |
| Chiyero cheKushivirira: ISO 8062 2013, ISO 2768, GOST 26645 (Russia) kana GBT 6414 (China). | |||
Iwo matatu makuru machining maitiro akaiswa muchikamu sekutendeuka, kuchera uye kugaya. Mamwe maoparesheni anowira muzvikamu zvakasiyana anosanganisira kuumba, kuronga, kufinha, kubhuroka uye kusaha.
Kushandura mashandiro ndiwo maoparesheni anotenderedza workpiece senzira yekutanga yekufambisa simbi ichipikisana nechishandiso chekucheka. Lathes ndiyo yakakosha muchina chishandiso chinoshandiswa mukutendeuka.
Milling Operations maoperation umo mudziyo wekucheka unotenderera kuunza kucheka mipendero kutarisana neworkpiece. Machina ekugaya ndiwo mukuru muchina chishandiso chinoshandiswa mukugayo.
Drilling Operations mashandiro ayo maburi anogadzirwa kana kunatswa nekuunza inotenderera inocheka ine inocheka micheto pazasi kumucheto kuti ibatane neworkpiece. Kuchera kunoitwa zvakanyanya mumichina yekudhirowa asi dzimwe nguva pamalathesi kana zvigayo.
Miscellaneous Operations maoparesheni ayo anogona kunge asiri emuchina maoparesheni pakuti anogona kunge asiri ekugadzira mavhiya asi maoparesheni aya anoitwa pachishandiswa muchina. Kupisa muenzaniso wekuvhiya kwakasiyana. Kupisa hakubudisi swarf asi kunogona kuitwa pa lathe, mill, kana drill press.
Chishandiso chisina kupera chinoda machining chinoda kuchekwa chimwe chinhu kuti chigadzire chigadzirwa chapera. Chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chingave chebasa chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvechishandiso icho nemadhirowa einjiniya kana mablueprints. Semuenzaniso, workpiece inogona kudiwa kuti ive nechekunze kunze kwedhayamita. Lathe mudziyo wemuchina unogona kushandiswa kugadzira dhayamita iyoyo nekutenderedza simbi yekushanda, kuitira kuti mudziyo wekucheka ukwanise kucheka simbi kure, kugadzira nzvimbo yakatsetseka, yakatenderera inoenderana nedhayamita inodiwa uye kupera kwepamusoro. Chibooreso chinogona kushandiswa kubvisa simbi muchimiro chegomba recylindrical. Mamwe maturusi anogona kushandiswa pamhando dzakasiyana dzekubvisa simbi michina yekugaya, masaha, nemichina yekukuya. Zvizhinji zveiyi nzira dzakafanana dzinoshandiswa mukugadzira huni.
Advanced machining matekiniki anosanganisira nemazvoCNC machining, magetsi ekuyerera machining (EDM), electro-chemical erosion, laser kucheka, kana mvura jet kucheka kugadzira simbi workpieces.
Sebhizimusi rekutengesa, machining anowanzo itwa muchitoro chemuchina, chine imwe kana anopfuura imba yekushandira ine maturusi makuru emuchina. Kunyangwe chitoro chemuchina chinogona kunge chakamira-chega, mabhizinesi mazhinji anochengetedza zvitoro zvemuchina zvemukati zvinotsigira zvinodiwa zvebhizinesi.
Machining inoda kutariswa kune akawanda akawanda ebasa kuti asangane nemadimikira akaiswa muinjiniya kudhirowa kana mablueprints. Padivi pezvinetso zviri pachena zvine chekuita nechiyero chakaringana, pane dambudziko rekuwana iyo chaiyo kupedzisa kana kutsvedza kwepamusoro pane workpiece. Iyo yakaderera kupera inowanikwa pamusoro pemuchina wechishandiso chinogona kukonzerwa nekusungirira zvisirizvo, chishandiso chakagomara, kana kuratidzwa kusina kufanira kwechombo. Kazhinji, kupera kwakashata kwepamusoro uku, kunozivikanwa sekutaura, kunoonekwa nekupera kana kusarongeka, uye kutaridzika kwemafungu pamichina yebasa.
Machining inzira ipi neipi iyo chigadziro chekucheka chinoshandiswa kubvisa zviduku zvezvinhu kubva pakushanda (workpiece inowanzonzi "basa"). Kuti uite basa racho, kufamba kunodiwa kunodiwa pakati pechombo nebasa. Uku kufambiswa kwehukama kunowanikwa mune mazhinji machining mashandiro nenzira yekutanga kufamba, kunonzi "kucheka kukurumidza" uye yechipiri kufamba kunonzi "feed". Chimiro chechishandiso uye kupinda kwayo munzvimbo yebasa, yakasanganiswa nemafambiro aya, inoburitsa chimiro chinodiwa chebasa rinobuda.
Machining mashandiro
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemachining mashandiro, imwe neimwe inokwanisa kugadzira imwe chikamu geometry uye pamusoro pemagadzirirwo.
Mukushandura, chigadziro chekucheka chine chidimbu chekucheka chinoshandiswa kubvisa zvinhu kubva kune inotenderera workpiece kuti ibudise chimiro checylindrical. Iyo yekutanga kufamba inopiwa nekutenderedza workpiece, uye kufambisa kwekudya kunowanikwa nekufambisa chishandiso chekucheka zvishoma nezvishoma munzira inoenderana neaxis yekutenderera kweiyo workpiece.
Kuchera kunoshandiswa kugadzira gomba rakatenderera. Iyo inopedzwa nechishandiso chinotenderera icho kazhinji chine maviri kana mana helical yekucheka mipendero. Chishandiso chinodyiswa munzira inofambirana neaxis yayo yekutenderera kupinda muworkpiece kuti iite gomba rakatenderera.
Mukubhowekana, chishandiso chine muromo mumwe wakabhenda chakanongedzwa chinokwidziridzwa kupinda mugomba rakaitwa zvakadarikidza mune inotenderera workpiece kuti ikure zvishoma buri uye kunatsiridza huchokwadi hwaro. Iro basa rakanaka rekupedzisa rinoshandiswa mumatanho ekupedzisira ekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa.
Reaming ndeimwe yemaitiro ekuyera ayo anobvisa simbi shoma kubva mugomba rakatoboorwa.
Mukugaya, chishandiso chinotenderera chine mativi akawanda ekucheka chinofambiswa zvishoma nezvishoma maererano nezvinhu kugadzira ndege kana nzvimbo yakatwasuka. Iyo nzira yekufambisa kwekudya ndeye perpendicular kune axis yechishandiso chekutenderera. Iyo yekumhanyisa kufamba inopiwa neinotenderera inocheka chigayo. Mhando mbiri dzekugaya ndeidzi: Peripheral milling uye Face milling.
Mamwe mabasa akajairwa emuchina anosanganisira kuumba, kuronga, broaching uye sawing. Zvakare, kukuya uye zvakafanana abrasive mashandiro anowanzo kuverengerwa mukati mechikamu chekugadzira.
Chishandiso chekucheka chine imwe kana kupfuura inocheka mipendero yakapinza uye yakagadzirwa nechinhu chakaoma kudarika basa rekushanda. Iyo yekucheka inoshumira kuparadzanisa chip kubva kune mubereki basa zvinhu. Akabatanidzwa kumucheto wekucheka ndiwo maviri epamusoro echishandiso:
Chiso cheraki nedivi.
Chiso cherake chinotungamira kuyerera kwechip chichangobva kuumbwa, chakanangidzirwa pane imwe kona inonzi rake angle "α". Inopimwa maererano nendege perpendicular kune nzvimbo yebasa. Iyo rake angle inogona kuve yakanaka kana yakaipa. Iyo flank yechishandiso inopa chibvumirano pakati pechishandiso uye ichangobva kuumbwa nzvimbo yebasa, nekudaro ichidzivirira pamusoro kubva paabrasion, iyo inogona kukanganisa kupera. Iyi kona iri pakati penzvimbo yebasa nepamusoro pefurank inodaidzwa kunzi relief angle. Kune maviri akakosha marudzi ekucheka maturusi:
Single point tool uye multiple-cut-edge tool
Chinhu chimwe chete chekushandisa chine mupendero mumwe chete uye chinoshandiswa kutendeuka, kufinha uye kuronga. Munguva yekugadzira, poindi yechishandiso inopinda pasi peiyo yepakutanga yebasa rebasa rebasa. Iyo poindi dzimwe nguva inotenderedzwa kune imwe radius, inonzi nose radius.
Maturusi akawanda-ekucheka-kumucheto ane anopfuura rimwe chete ekucheka uye anowanzo zadzisa mafambiro avo maererano nechikamu chebasa nekutenderera. Kuchera nekugaya kushandisa kutenderedza akawanda-ekucheka-kumucheto maturusi. Kunyangwe maumbirwo ezvishandiso izvi akasiyana nechinhu chimwe-chinongedzo, zvinhu zvakawanda zvechishandiso geometry zvakafanana.
CNC Machining Zvigadzirwa zveGrey Iron
