Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira kugadzira atsika simbi chikamu. Imwe neimwe ine seti yayo yezvakanakira nezvayakaipira. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kusarudzwa kwemaitiro zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinodiwa
- Dhizaini yechikamu chesimbi
- Inodiwa Tolerances
- Metal tsanangudzo
- Surface kupera kunodiwa
- Mari yekushandisa
- Economics yemachining maringe nemaitiro emitengo
- Delivery zvinodiwa
Casting
Kukanda kunosanganisira kudururira kana kubaya simbi yakanyungudutswa muforoma ine mhango ine chimiro chaunodacastings. Metal casting process inogona kuiswa pamwe nerudzi rwe mold kana nekumanikidza kunoshandiswa kuzadza mold ne liquid metal. Kana nerudzi rwe mold, maitiro ekukanda anogona kuverengerwa kuita jecha, kukanda mari uye simbi kufa kukanda; nepo kana nekumanikidzwa kunoshandiswa kuzadza mold, nzira yekukanda inogona kukamurwa kuita giravhiti yekukanda, kukanda kwakaderera uye kukanda kwakakwirira.
Basics of Casting
Kukandira inzira yekusimbisa. Naizvozvo, iyo microstructure inogona kunyatsogadziriswa, senge chimiro chezviyo, shanduko yechikamu uye kunaya. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwakadai se shrinkage porosity, kuputika uye kupatsanurwa kunobatanidzwawo zvakanyanya nekusimbiswa. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinogona kutungamirira kune yakaderera mechanical properties. Iyo inotevera yekupisa kurapwa inowanzodikanwa kudzikisa kusarira kushushikana uye optimize michina zvinhu.
Zvakanakira Kukandira:
- Yakakura uye yakaoma simbi yekukanda zvigadzirwa zviri nyore.
- Yakakwira yekugadzira mwero, sepecially ne otomatiki molding mutsara.
- Dhizaini inochinjika inowanikwa uye yakawanda yakakodzera.
- Yakasiyana simbi iripo: grey simbi, ductile iron, kabhoni simbi, alloy simbi,simbi isina ngura, aluminium alloy, ndarira, ndarira uye zinc alloy.
Zvakaipa zvekukandira:
- Kukanganisa mukati memitambo
- Shrinkage porosity
- Metallic fungidziro
- Kutsemuka, kupisa kubvaruka, kutonhora kunovhara
- Kutenderera, oxides
- Misruns, vhoriyamu isina kukwana
- Inclusions
- Inoda yepedyo maitiro ekudzora uye kuongororwa (porosity inogona kuitika)
Forging
Forging inzira yekugadzira iyo simbi inoumbwa nepurasitiki deformation pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kuita zvikamu zvine simba. Zvinoenderana kana iyo yekuumba mold ikashandiswa, iyo yekugadzira inopindirwa mukuvhurika kufa kwekugadzira uye kuvhara kufa kwekugadzira. Asi kana netembiricha yesimbi yakaumbwa uye alloy isati yagadzira, nzira yekuumba inogona kupatsanurwa kuita inotonhora yekuumba, inodziya yekugadzira uye inopisa fogi.
Basics of Forging
Kugadzira kana kutonhora kuumba maitiro ekugadzira simbi. Iko hakuna kunyunguduka uye mhedzisiro kusimba kunobatanidzwa. Plastiki deformation inobereka kuwedzera kwenhamba yekusagadzikana kunokonzera mamiriro epamusoro ekushushikana kwemukati. Zvechokwadi, kuomeswa kwekuomeswa kunonzi kunokonzerwa nekubatana kwekuparadzaniswa nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi uye zvimwe zvipingamupinyi (zvakadai semiganhu yezviyo). Panguva imwe chete, chimiro chemakristasi ekutanga (dendrites) chinoshanduka mushure mekushanda kwepurasitiki yesimbi.
Zvakanakira Forging:
-Yakanaka Mechanical zvivakwa (goho simba, ductility, kuoma)
- Kuvimbika (kunoshandiswa kune zvakakosha zvikamu)
- No liquid simbi kurapwa
Zvakaipa zveForging:
- Kufa usina kuguta
- Kufa kukundikana
- Shape inogumira kana undercuts kana cored zvikamu zvichidikanwa
- Mutengo wese unowanzo kukwira pane kukanda
-Matanho akawanda anowanzo kudiwa
Tinogona kusiyanisa kushanda kunopisa nekushanda kunotonhora. Kupisa kushanda kunoitwa pamusoro recrystallization tembiricha; kutonhora-kushanda kunoitwa pasi payo. Mukushanda kunopisa kuoma kuomesa uye kukanganisa chimiro chezviyo zvinokurumidza kubviswa nekugadzirwa kwezviyo zvitsva-zvisina kuomeswa semugumisiro wekristalllization. Kukurumidza kupararira pakupisa kwekushanda kunopisa kunobatsira mukuita homogenizing preform. Pakutanga porosity inogonawo kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, pakupedzisira yapora zvachose. Metallurgical phenomena senge kuomeswa nekuomesera kwakakosha nekuti shanduko iyi muchimiro inokonzeresa kuwedzera ductility uye kuoma pamusoro penyika yakakandwa.
Chinhu chakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa ndechekuti kunaka kwezvinhu uye kupisa kupisa kunogona kunge kuri chinhu chakakosha pane musiyano pakati pekukanda uye kugadzira mune dzimwe nguva.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-24-2021